This is the best way I've found to get anyone up to speed with a code base and team workflow.
I typically encourage the new person to "drive" while the experienced person "navigates", at least initially. I assume you have a drivers license (if not, get one!); this is the same thing. You're learning how to keep the car on the road and obey the traffic laws at the same time. Your experienced friend/parent/instructor is there to correct you and make sure you don't get into any serious trouble.
Bond/Be Sociable
Your goal here is to find at least one person who wants to mentor you.
The best thing is to find a topic that you and at least one other developer have in common. Failing that, talk about kids (most parents will go on for ages about this), vacations, volunteering, tech news/gadgets.
Realize that for a lot of people work is a place to just earn money. Some people don't want to open up their personal lives, feel overworked, only want to do the bare minimum, or are just curmudgeons. Curmudgeons aside, most people will at least discuss their career path, lessons learned, etc.
You need some personal goals
Spend some time and come up with a short list of goals for work. Talk to the other developers about them and tweak them if they give you good input.
Git
is a problem for you so maybe you should start there. Find the typical commands that your team uses and do up a cheat sheet. Or maybe it has to do with workflow.
Having a goal will let you measure your progress against something concrete and within your control. If you measure your goals and progress, then it gives you something to feel good about.
Think about your career, not your job
A lot of programmers only hold a certain job for a couple of years. There's a lot of reasons for this, however you should be constantly be preparing yourself for the next step.
Cultivate a diverse network of people who you can use as career mentors. Most successful people (not just programmers) love to help others with their career. The idiom "Success breeds success" is quite true from my experience, find as many of these people as you can.
Some social networks are tailored for workplace networking. Join one if you haven't.
Don't forget that in 5 years you might be asking some of the people you are working with now to give you references.
Have fun!
Work is stressful and everyone needs some way to de-stress.
You're tired, cranky, depressed when you go home, so find something fun to de-stress.
Volunteer (talk to first year students about your "unpreparedness"), do something active like yoga/run/paintball. Don't feel like you need to do computers 24/7.
Integrate fun into your work life if you can (are you a geek? put toys on your desk like the rest of us). Find out if your colleagues have a Frankenserver and join them.
You're joining a really great field at a really exciting time. Enjoy it!!!