If you are not into giving early notice, then why not give the 2 week notice before your last day at work, then openly ask HR all the questions you have for them? Since you already made the decision to leave and have a firm timeframe, their answer about bonus eligibility shouldn't matter too much.
As far as paid time off, I would err on the side of caution, i.e. take any residual vacation that's over 2 weeks (if you have > 2 weeks accumulated) as soon as you can, then give a 4 week notice and ask to take the last 2 weeks off (if you get it, this effectively becomes 2 week notice). Worse case they won't let you and you tough it out for a month and get the vacation paid out. In the event the policy prevents paying out vacation for some reason, convert your 4 week notice to a 2 week notice...
With regard to boss pestering to stay, this can be minimized by being firm and consistent with your message about departure. Put it in unequivocal terms, e.g. you already made the decision and there is no turning back for any reason, no matter what. The first time they bug you about it, just ask them to save their time and please not ask you to stay. Say this firmly and clearly once or twice and hopefully the mgr will get the idea. Good luck!