I am just looking for advice, how should I address the current situation?
I think you are making this a greater deal that in is.
You did what you did, you were given feedback on not to do it again (that is, send it to manager first). Your best course of action is to follow such feedback and move on with your life.
To be honest, I sense that your manager could have been a bit rude/strong by addressing that in a meeting and in the way you describe. He should have done that in private if his intentions were to teach you about something you did "wrong", and not among other coworkers.
Perhaps your manager was simply having a bad day, or (assuming) they felt intimidated that you going directly to the CEO will make you look better than them or whatever...
Anyways, I'm speculating here, but do be aware of any similar behavior from your manager in the future, so you learn better how better to deal with them (or if they are the kingkind of manager/person you want to work with).