@Gh0stFish provided a great list of questions. I would think about which handful of those are most important to you and ask them.
I would make a small modification to most of them though. Instead of asking in general, ask about their experience at the present moment.
For instance:
What percentage of your time did you spend in meetings last week?
What resources did you receive to support your professional
development this year?
Tell me how you dealt with the last security vulnerability you found.
So many teams believe they have a solid security incident procedure (it's just that last time Joe was on vacation so they improvised) or that they'll definitely have automated deployments set up before you start (so why bother talking about the current painful process?). Asking about specific events and current timeframes can elicit details about the reality of the situation.
You can always follow up with "is that typical?", but usually they will tell you if it's been an outlier of a week.