Yeah it happens. It makes them look like a growing vibrant company if nothing else.
Our local Newspaper has advertised the same 3 jobs every month for the last decade plus. There is no actual openings. Others with high turnover advertise jobs all the time in the expectation that at some point they'll actually need to hire someone.
Sometimes it's something as simple as filling up paid advertising space. I can think of at least one example where a job was filled quickly but the advertisement was prepaid for 6 months so they just left it.
Also of course it's quite common to advertise jobs just to tick a box, when the successful applicant is known before they advertise but they have a requirement to meet, mostly govt jobs I would think, but in some locales it's common in the private sector as well.