So - your Parents and friends are right.
Source: I'm one of the most visible people in my team. Both physically (I've got long hair and a beard) but also in the manner described - I've had no problem in speaking up and speaking my mind on an issue.
Now, I'll start with the bad - it is a double edged sword. If you push to hard or are too visible, some people may form a negative opinion of you. That did happen at one place I worked at - however there were other factors at play there.
It will also place your work under much higher scrutiny - so you need to put in that extra effort to ensure that everything is done properly.
And should you screw up - you'll need to make your amends equally visible (once, I screwed up a migration project - caused a lot of downtime etc. I bought cake for both offices as an apology)
Now, the Good.
It has benefitted my career. Senior management know me and know my name. They know that if something is going wrong in their organization, I will let them know about it. They know that I'm not going to kiss-arse and be a yes man and that I will disagree with them (respectfully, of course, and with an alternative plan, fully realized and developed).
I get invited to participate on interesting projects - both because they know I'll get shit done, but also they know that if needed, I'll make the necessary noise to accomplish it.
I continually demonstrate initiative - I'll not sit on my ass, twiddling my thumbs - I'll go out and look for trouble (poorly optimized systems, business inefficiences etc.), I'll reach out to other parts of the business and talk with them about things (we've had a lot of company merges and integrations and lots of silos - I'm breaking down those silo walls).
All these things have put me in very good standing with the Company.
You've put in your answer that you are a junior and just starting out your career - think of it like this: By practicing speaking up and participating and making yourself visible now, when you get more experience and seniority, you'll have honed those abilities to be a truly corporate force.
Don't dismiss the value of forming a good habit now - it will pay dividends in the future.