"... I want to make sure that I am moving to a company who values quality software and employs experienced engineers.
In these cases, is it reasonable during technical interviews, to quiz the interviewer as well.".
Always try to find out as much as you can prior to applying for a job.
Check Blogs, Stock performance, DnB, GlassDoor, etc.
Try to get an Informational Interview, sometimes the owner or management has time for this (so you get to know a bit about who you are working for, instead of meeting HR or an immediate superior). It's not a "Job Interview", it's a grillin' just like you asked for. Don't expect an answer about being hired or even for them to be hiring; it sure works out great if they know another place that is hiring and provide a specific contact, that's a great in.
Next up is when that call comes in, in the first place, ask if they are the ones whom will be interviewing; if not ask if the person is available to call you back, failing that say you'll need to find out about the next time you can get a day off, as you've had a few interviews recently ...
If it's just some lackey 'bulk calling' to see how much cattle they can round up don't get caught in the snare; particularly if your prior research pointed to problems or turnover.
If the balls in your court don't pass it to the opposition. Many times I've let the call go to the answering machine (or VM) and found that if I call them after I would have arrived home from work (very late afternoon) or during first break the next day that they are far more malleable; if not you'll have to find out about time off, and call them back.
Sometimes they're a bit excited until you explain that this is the first chance during business hours to call, you received the call when you got home and returned the call on your first break - see that they are completely satisfied and happy, then go with a couple of key questions.
Sometimes they've spent all day messing with everyone and they know they're coming to the end of the list, if they don't quit messing and start listening they'll hire no one.
If they don't know that's the best: "... well thanks anyways"; watch them turn on a dime 'No, hang on a sec. ...'.
Either way everyone else's efforts will have taken their toll without you being the bad guy. They can't be too big a wheel because not only would they have people to call without ever reaching out to you, but you can be certain that they don't pay too much - even if they do pay a lot they probably want more than an average workload or are trying to combat turnover.
There's really little need for them to reach out to strangers, that's probably why you're getting the 3rd Degree too; they would already have people on layoffs or the so-called 'perfect person' whom submitted a CV months ago. Also everyone has contacts at and from School.
Many places like fronting with nothing on the table but moose pie - don't get sucked in.
Many places run a business that way, they rake you over the coals to get in so they know you'll be happy with a lowball and infrequent small raises for years - thus the turnover. The company has debt they want paid to cover poor management and big losses, it's your contribution hard work and some of your paycheck that fuels the business.
This applies mostly to the biggest businesses whom are expert in manipulating and negotiations, and the smallest businesses whom claim either not to be able to afford or think they can shrug and claim ignorance - but the last few dozen people all told them the same, cost of living is X, plus I want to save Y% per month so you pay $Z.
It depends upon the Market.
If you choose a career where there's too many people with Student Loans to pay off or that kind of job simply doesn't pay much but has a lot of people interested in it (think Post Office) then you're paddling upriver.
If you're the one who's going to fix everything and turn it all around, combined with a severe shortage of talented people in your field, then they may well let you walk (at their peril) or they'll know not to mess around - this time, or when you reapply in a few years.
Know your business, education is key along with interview experience; you will be able to smell your way through the first call and interview and know if they ought to hire you the next time they call, or if you must bend for them.
Everyone needs to get onboard, if there's too much competition or sheep they'll be looking to pull the wool over your eyes and keep you from the future you deserve to earn.