how do I get the people I work with to not do something I don't like?
You can't get your managers to stop enforcing rules because you don't like them. That is a ridiculous attitude and will quickly create a lot of problems for you in your workplace.
What you do is accept that they are showing you how to act in this workplace. They are not going to change how they do this because one guy sulks about it.
You mention wanting to "address any potential issues before they become full blown problems." - if you follow the (very simple and obvious) rules, it will not become a full blown problem.
When the boss spoke to you, all that needs to be said is "Ah thanks, yeah they mentioned that just now at my orientation. I'll keep on top of it, don't worry."
You cannot tell a manager not to teach you about company policy. Not unless you want to make enemies and get fired, that is. You attitude is like a teenager sulking with their parents for being told to tidy their room.