I gave a recruiter my resume nearly 9 years ago using my parent's house phone. It was the only time I had their number on the resume. To this day, my parents still get random calls from recruiters. They "came across" my resume and thought it was good and wanted to know if I was still looking for a job.... so yeah.
As far as currently, I get random emails all the time from recruiters saying they came across my resume and they want to get in contact with me.
So yes, they will give your number and email out into a system. I recommend avoiding recruiters unless they directly represents the company you want to hire. Otherwise give a fakesecondary email and/or telephone.