In most of the United States, employment is "at will". That means you can be fired for any reason, or no reason, at all (provided they're not illegal reasons).
So yes, you can be fired for acting out your anger (definitely).
And yes, acting out your anger can scare people. Especially if you're big, and/or are male, and/or are more than one person doing it.
Furthermore, given our climate of zero-tolerance policies this day and age, and the benefit of 20/20 hindsight, you two were very lucky that you just didn't get fired for that outburst.