Whenever I've left a job I do the following:
Night Before
Clear out personal stuff that I can't carry in one hand. I don't typically bring a lot of stuff to work anyway but I usually have a plethora of coffee cups and random small things. So those go home. I do this to make the walk out easier.
Morning I'm giving notice
I arrive a little earlier than normal in order to organize the things necessary to ensure a good hand off of what I've been working on. Basically even if you are walked out you want to leave a good impression to those that will pick up after you.
30 minutes before giving notice
- Erase my browsing history
- Make sure there are no personal documents on my computer
- Organize my email box, making sure I remove anything not company related. I know, we shouldn't use company email but somehow most of us still do for random things.
- Trash whatever needs to be trashed. Random bits of scratch paper etc.
- Leave a document on my desk with any passwords that they are likely to ask for
- Print a copy of my resignation letter.
Give notice
I'll walk into my bosses office with the resignation letter, closing the door behind me. The resignation letter is typically very short, one or two sentences saying that I'm resigning effective immediately and my last day will be X. I do NOT document the reasons for leaving. I'll hand that letter to my boss and tell them I'm moving on.
At this point the boss will likely ask why. Unless it's something serious, keep all the "real" reasons to yourself. There's no need to get into a long discussion if you've really made your mind up.
The boss could do anything from ask if a raise would change your mind on up to just walking you out. Make sure you know the answer to a potential raise before you actually sit down with the boss. (hint: it's generally best not to accept offers at this stage).
Bear in mind that, in the US at least, I'm fairly certain that if you are walked out they still have to pay out the 2 weeks. If it comes to that, call your state's employment agency to verify.