likes to micromanage in the sense that he wants to check or give me
permission to work on things
Don't worry about these. Checking work of a junior employee is normal. Expecting to assign work to your staff is very normal.
really hard time getting him to agree to let me have access to
resources for work related tasks ... For example I wanted to use a
somewhat expensive oscilloscope for my work he denied me many times
before saying yes.
Consider whether you could make the case for spending money more clearly. E.g. If you had a different oscilloscope available for the above task, did you explain why you were struggling to use it? Or if the company has never needed an oscilloscope before, did you explain why you would complete your task faster or more accurately with one?
likes to point out mistakes
That sounds positive to me. You get a chance to learn and he's communicating his expectations of you. You're getting feedback, albeit maybe not as tactfully as you'd like, that will help you grow.
avoids me and only communicates with me if absolutely necessary
doesn't give me much work to do, feel like he's almost intentionally
slowing me down
If you think he is uncomfortable with face to face communication, you could try mailing him daily updates on progress together with questions about or suggestions for future work.
A more positive approach might be to take the initiative and setup a regular (weekly?) one-to-one session:
Hi Boss I'm finding your feedback on my work really valuable. I'm getting through tasks more quickly now and sometimes have bandwidth to take on more. To make sure that no feedback gets missed and to line up future work, can we setup a regular meeting to review my progress and next tasks?
very short when communicating, sometimes rude.
If you don't understand what he's saying, ask for clarification.
If you find his style of communication a little curt, try not to get upset over it.
If he is downright rude, tell him immediately each time he says something offensive.
forget about getting any praise for doing something well
It's a shame that he doesn't offer praise. Without meaning to be unsympathetic, for now you might be best just adjusting your expectations. You could demonstrate better behaviour by praising him where appropriate (e.g. "Thanks for getting that expensive oscilloscope, it helped me find and fix track down the remaining bugs much faster") and hoping that this will influence him towards better habits. This will be a long term effort though.